In Literature, There Are Genres. Two Main Genres Are Fiction

In literature, there are genres. Two main genres are fiction and nonfiction. Fiction is a work of art that is not real or based on the facts. â€Å"‘Fiction’ refers to literature created from the imagination† (â€Å"What is the difference†¦?†). It can explain a story in a different point of view, maybe in a way that is out of the norm. Fiction is basically just nonfiction in an exaggerated way. Though fiction may not be based on the facts, it can still resemblance a sense of real life events. â€Å"Fiction may base on stories on actual historical events. Although fictitious characters are presented in a fictitious setting in stories and novels, yet they may have some resemblance with real life events and characters† (â€Å"Fiction†). Literature is meant to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Rose for Emily† portrays fiction well. The definition of fiction that fits with this story is it resembles reality and it portrays the reali ty, just in an exaggerated way. Life carries great amounts of suspense and terror. If the story was simply about the suspense and terror exactly like life is, it would be a nonfiction story, but it is not portrayed in exact details. The details that are given throughout the story are exaggerated. The exaggeration is one factor that makes the â€Å"A Rose for Emily† fiction. The amount of details given and how vivid the details are could make it seem like it was real, too, but it is not. Some of the details in the story are imaginative to real life, which makes the story fiction. Life has many plot twists, as â€Å"A Rose for Emily† does too, but in life, they are real. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the plot twists are crazy and, yes, they could resemblance life and its plot twists, but they are still imaginative and are considered not real. The characters are not real in â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† nor is the setting and plot. The setting and the characters ar e not real people. They are just there to make the story a story. If the story is not based on true people and events, it is fictional. â€Å"Even before we see the forty-year-old corpse of Homer Barron rotting into the bed, the creepy house,Show MoreRelatedAn Abundance of Katherines - Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesAn Abundance of Katherines In Relation with the Young Adult Fiction Genre Young adult fiction is a quickly developing genre of literature. The genre is typically marketed towards adolescents and young adults, however, it is enjoyed by a wide variety of people, including adults trying to experience youth again. Young adult fiction, also known as young adult literature, is written in a teenage language and writing style so the marketed readers can thoroughly understand it. The storyline is often fullRead MoreThe Purloined Letter Essay1021 Words   |  5 Pagesfunction of genre? Would you classify the ‘Purloined Letter’ a detective fiction or mystery? --------------------------------------------------------------- To categorise texts, allows us to view the world from another perspective, and make sense of the world. This is the function of genre. This allows the responder to class texts even further into sub genres, which have conventions they follow to. Such as Edgar Allen Poe’s ‘The Purloined Letter’ can be classified into the genre of crime, yetRead MoreJames M. Cain s Double Indemnity Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesJames M. Cain’s Double Indemnity is a typically literary work of roman noir genre, adapted for a film later. The story itself is about a premeditated murder planned by the married femme fatale Phyllis Nirdlinger and her secret lover Walter Huff, specifically consistent with roman noir genre. Phyllis Nirdlinger is a typical femme fatale in this novel. She seduces the insurance agent Huff regardless of her own husband. For example, â€Å"She pulled me to her and kissed back† (Cain ch2), â€Å"I liked you allRead MoreThe Secret Life of Bees and Ho w It Is Classified Under the Southern Gothic Genre792 Words   |  4 PagesThe Secret Life of Bees within the Southern Gothic Genre Most southern gothic literature deals with the disturbed and flawed characters; one of the most famous writers of this genre is Edgar Allan Poe. The southern gothic genre is characterized by grotesque, gruesome, or unbelievable incidents. The southern gothic genre is portrayed in many ways. Lily, the main character, goes through many difficult life experiences and learns many tough lessons. This book does not have a happy ending like a fairyRead MoreTravel Writing As A Genre723 Words   |  3 Pagesdesignate shelves for travel writing as is the case with fiction, biography, religion, business, and magazines. Within this environment, we already recognize travel writing as a genre without any profound thought or consideration. However, scholars such as Tim Youngs and Peter Hulme agree on the difficulty of defining travel writing as a genre. Thence, it is derived from the complicated and mixed features of travel writing. Although the genre itself is important because it helps categori zation, inRead MoreThe History of the Hard-Boiled Detective Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many sub-genres of detective fiction and hard-boiled fiction is one of them. What exactly is hard-boiled detective fiction? Hard-Boiled detective fiction is fiction that features tough, cynical, urban private eyes who expose corruption and frequently get injured in the course of their investigations (Detective Fiction, Literary). Hard-Boiled fiction is considered one of the more popular sub-genres of detective fiction; there have been numerous films and novels about urban detectivesRead MoreThe Spy and The Bravo785 Words   |  3 Pages Spy fiction is defined as a genre of literature that focuses on the activities of spies and the world of espionage. The genre dates back to the mid to late 19th century. An early example of a spy novel is by an American novelist James Fenimore Cooper; The spy (1821) and The Bravo (1831). Spy fiction would mostly be influenced by events that have occurred in the real world such as, the Cold War, which will be discussed in this essay and how it became to influence the writing of spy fiction and howRead MoreRunning Head: Edgar Allen Poe 1. Edgar Allen Poe2. . .1286 Words   |  6 Pagesof suspense and horror. He also needs to be remembered as the single author who did help in establishing and developing the real contribution of the America to the actual literature of the world, the short-story form (Bagert, 2008). Poe was the initial writer who recognized that short story was some kind of different fiction than the novel and the first person to insist that for the story to have stro ng impact on the reader, then each and every detail of the story has to make a contribution regardingRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Of The Sky And A Rose For Emily1540 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature, a Contribution to Society Reading, in general has affected all societies in all time periods, and reading is more than just an everyday task. These two authors affected society in their time, with their reappraising stories: A Horseman In The Sky and A Rose For Emily. However, William Faulkner (author of A Rose For Emily) and Ambrose Bierce (author of A Horseman In The Sky) have different views and affects on society by when the particular story was published, the use of figurative languageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Novel Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesYou jerk away from what seems like a deep sleep to find that your math teacher is staring at you along with the whole class. Oops... Fictional Literature is a world that a person’s mind retreats to when bored of reality. Or in other words, a short story, novel or, novella created from the imagination or feigned. There are many types of Fictional Literatures that may be interesting or even surprising to a person. In today’s time period, it is a big category that many people such as myself prefer to

John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 1916 Words

Loneliness is a powerful yet important emotion we experience in our human nature. Without having the need to commit a single action, being on our own reveals our deepest desire to love and to also be loved but whilst the feeling is universality known, not even the strongest of humans can completely avoid which can often bring the feelings of shame and weakness when an individual does admit they are feeling alone and that is what Of Mice and Men showcases as it explores various characters and their paths to adjust to insurmountable loneliness that was faced during The Great Depression. Written by American author, John Steinbeck and inspired by the economic recession during the early 1930’s, Of Mice and Men tells the story two migrant†¦show more content†¦Their intentions of securing a better future for the both of them revolved around a fantasy based dream that was nothing more than a means to escape the economic hardships and surging poverty that constantly faced work ers like them. Glorified greatly and continually by one of the stories’ protagonists George Milton, the story’s plot showcased that the dream was unrealistic and irrational as well as making it extremely unlikely for the men to afford even the most basic human rights. The author embeds the symbol of the dream farm that is heavily mentioned by George and Lennie, which later proves that the hope for a sanctuary was nothing more than a mirage, overshadowed by the seductive nature of the dream which lures both the characters and the reader, deceiving them into believing that a paradise where all men are masters of their own lives and have protection from the cruelties of the outside world is possible. The story was heavily influenced by the notorious economic event The Great Depression affecting millions of people during the 1930’s and the complex ideals of The American Dream which shares the tale of George and Lennie, a pair of migrant

The Fundamentals of Cognitive Theories of Motivation Free Essays

In this paper I will be aiming to cover the following areas. Firstly an overview of the fundamentals behind the cognitive theories of motivation, focusing on three main theories – Equity theory, Expectancy theory and Goal setting theory. Within these theory bases I will outline some of the developmental research that has been occurring, particularly those studies which have added empirical evidence to consolidate or expand on the basic theories. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fundamentals of Cognitive Theories of Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Secondly I will show some practical applications of these theories and evidence of how successful they have been or could be within an organisational environment. Finally a short comment on the adaptability of these models to an international context which has become a dominant feature of current literature in this increasing time of globalisation. The Cognitive Theories – An Overview Motivation can be visualised as the energising force that provides the impetus to make people act. More specifically it is â€Å"the individual internal process that energises directs and sustains behavior; the personal force that causes one to behave in a particular way† (Olsen, 1996, p.1). It is a fundamental concept for management to understand in learning to comprehend the way individuals will behave within a work place context. The cognitive theories of motivation aim to develop this understanding by focusing on the action and choices made in the motivation process. The focus is on the processes that occur within a person’s mind, which influence their decision to act. (Wood, Wallace, Zeffane, Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn (1998)) They rely on the assumption that behavior is purposeful and being undertaken to achieve a desired outcome or goal. This means that analysing the way choices are made between a variety of perceived outcomes can provide valuable insight into understanding why and how individuals choose to act. Equity theory relies on the way people make comparisons of both effort/return and with those around them, arguing that â€Å"when people gauge the fairness of their work outcomes in comparison with others, felt inequity is the motivating state of mind.† (Wood et al p 183) People resolve the felt inequities by working in such a way as to restore a sense of equity. The equity comparison occurs on two levels. The first is an individuals subjective assessment of whether the effort required will be commensurate with the benefits achieved. The second comparison occurs on a social level using those around as a yardstick against which to measure the individuals own sense of equity. Studies (Adams 1963 in Wood et al; Vecchio 1981) have generally supported this theory. A number of recent studies have sought to develop this principle further. By looking at the relationship between Equity theory and Interpersonal Attraction (Griffeth, Vecchio Logan 1989) the authors were seeking to determine whether an attraction (or hostility) between the individual and their referent other had any influence upon the way they perceived and reacted to inequities. Their research, through a cross referencing technique of equity factors and attraction factors, provided results that indicated that attraction was indeed a contributing factor in the way individuals perceived equity balances. Although this does not undermine the essentials of equity theory, it adds the need to consider how and with who referent comparisons are made, as extra considerations when using the model. Meanwhile Barr Conlon (1994) have been looking at the impact of distribution of feedback (both group and individuals) upon individual intentions. In particular for us, this study brings into question the applicability of equity theory assumptions within a group context. It proposes that, in a group setting, where other members would act as referents and rewards are distributed equally based on group performance, individuals would make equity comparisons within the group before deciding whether to persist. This was thought to override the impacts that feedback would otherwise cause. The results supported this contention. It showed that where the impact of individual feedback worked to create a perception of underpayment (due to perceived greater effort than other group members) that individuals were less interested in continuing the behavior that they believe led to the underpayment. Thus the social comparison effect was strong enough to override any of the individual positive feedback received. The study illustrates that social comparison within a group, where felt inequity is present, can have an impact on performance, and equity theory provides a good model for predicting this impact. Once a goal is selected, it allows people to channel their energies toward goal achievement. Four factors are stated as being important in goal setting to stimulate performance (Knowles 1991). These are The theory comes into use within the domain of â€Å"purposefully directed action.† Basically it states that the simplest and most direct motivational explanation of why some people perform better on work tasks than others is because they have different performance goals. (Ryan 1970 in Latham Locke 1990). While much of the research has previously surrounded assigned goals, more emphasis is now being placed explicitly on self regulation. That is, the extent to which individuals will use goal setting, self monitoring and self rewarding/ self punishing behavior to attain a goal. (Latham Locke 1990) This may especially be useful in breaking a larger goal down into more specific stepping stone goals. The implication for managers from the study is that the addition of skills in self regulation, acquired through experience, training or effort will lead to a greater likelihood of goals being achieved. Victor Vroom (1964, cited in Wood et al, 1998) developed one of the most widely used models for the understanding of the motivation process. It aims to predict the effort that will be expended by a person in completing a task. It argues that goals are chosen according to the relative attractiveness of the outcome. Diagrammatically it can be represented as follows The contention is that the motivation to work results from the product of Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence. (M=E x I x V) These elements are defined as follows: Expectancy is the probability of the extent to which the individual believes that a given level of achieved Work Performance will follow work effort. Instrumentality is the probability assigned that a given level of achieved performance will lead to various work outcomes. Valence is the value attached by the individual to those work outcomes. (Wood et al 1998) The implication of the model is that managers need to take into account the importance of the task being achieved along with the likelihood of the task being achieved and the likelihood that the task achievement will lead to a reward that has value to the individual. An individual requires all these factors to provide the impetus to exert the work effort. The fact that the theory does not attempt to specify the types of rewards that will motivate particular employees gives it a robustness that can be useful in application. Klein (1991) has been looking to clarify the relationship between goal setting and expectancy theories. Traditional theoretical approaches suggested viewing â€Å"expectancies and attractiveness as interacting to influence goal choice, with goals being the more direct determinants of effort† (Klein 1991 p 231). However there is also some competing evidence (Garland 1985) which contradicted this view contending that goal attributes affect expectancy theory constructs rather than resulting from them. Klein’s study hence sought to expand evidence of how the expectancy theory constructs relate to goal choice, goal commitment and performance. His findings replicated those of Garland. The perceived explanation for this for this was that goals form a dual role of being targets to shoot for as well as standards for evaluating one performance. The research into combining the two theories is continuing, with much discussion currently surrounding â€Å"issues of causal ordering, measurement and the meanings of those measurements†. (Klein 1991 p 230) It appears that we have to wait on the world of academia to conduct more research before a widely accepted combination of the two models evolves. Practical Applications of the Cognitive Theories I now wish to bring in a number of specific examples of how and where these theories can and have been applied. Using Goal Setting to improve Safety Behavior. An application area of particular interest has been the use of goal setting techniques in improving safety performance On an anecdotal level I have seen this prove successful at my own work site at a steelworks at Western Port. I have seen much evidence of the positive use of goal setting techniques in an attempt to address the behavioral component of safe working practices. The focus upon systematic monitoring of safety related behavior and the provision of extensive feedback in conjunction with widely accepted goals on injury performance at a crew and organisational level has seen safety performance improve by over 50% in under two years (BHP Western Port Lost Time Injury Statistics). However it is difficult to read too much into the improvement given that a number of other initiatives are also being concurrently undertaken. A study into the UK construction industry (Marsh, Robertson, Phillips, Duff 1995) provides some empirical support for the premise that hard, specific goals with wide feedback of the results of ones behavior can lead to positive changes in safety behavior. This study found that by using quantitative measures of awareness and review sessions, that the intervention was having positive impacts, supporting my own anecdotal evidence. It supports the notion that clearly identified and well publicised safety targets can perform a crucial role in influencing safety behavior. How to cite The Fundamentals of Cognitive Theories of Motivation, Essay examples

Transactional Relation of Father and Prescoolers - Sample

Questions: An important part of research is understanding what we can do with the information that is gained in the research, or in other words, the implications for the findings. In this discussion, you consider the implications of the findings of a research study on fathers' roles in their children's socioemotional development. While psychology has a long history of researching attachment, early research focused on mothers' relationships with children. It has not always been clear what a father's role is in children's development. Fortunately, there is a great deal of research examining how fathers are an important part of children's development. Once you have read the article, "Transactional Relations Between Father Involvement and Preschoolers' Socioemotional Adjustment,"linked in the Unit 3 studies, the psychology perspective challenge for you is to consider the implications for the findings of this study. Once you read article, complete the following: Describe what the authors studied. Describe the findings. (How you understand the findings.) Discuss the implications of the findings. (What value is there in the findings? How can we apply them? How could we effectively get this information out to parents who could benefit from it? Are there any risks or other drawbacks to implementing the findings?) Answers: 1. The author has presented a very realistic approach of father and preschoolers social and emotional behavior. The study shows a mutual association between the child and father. The author studied the internalizing and externalizing behavior of the preschoolers and how they are driven by fathers participation in play and caring approach. The idea of the entire study was to get a clear picture of the implications of the fathers role in preschoolers day to day activities. 2. The author comes to a conclusion that there is a mutual association between the father and the preschooler. The more the participation of the father in the childs play and caring activities lesser is the child prone to internalizing and externalizing behavior. Internalizing behavior refers to hurting oneself (i.e. The child hurts himself.) and externalizing behavior relates to the external environment (i.e. The child reacts to external factors like friends, etc.). 3. The results clearly showed that the father has a pivotal role in the childs social and emotional development. However, the internal relation between the parents is also of great importance and has implications for the child. The child can get rid of his/her adjustment difficulties and would feel more comfortable and protected by the father around. References: Abramowicz, S. (2012). A Family Law Perspective On Parental Incarceration. Family Court Review, 50(2), 228-240. Buist, K., Dekovi, M., Meeus, W., van Aken, M. (2004). The reciprocal relationship between early adolescent attachment and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviour. Journal Of Adolescence, 27(3), 251-266. Reitz, E., Dekovi, M., Meijer, A. (2006). Relations between parenting and externalizing and internalizing problem behaviour in early adolescence: Child behaviour as moderator and predictor. Journal Of Adolescence, 29(3), 419-436. Vogel, C., Bradley, R., Raikes, H., Boller, K., Shears, J. (2006). Relation Between Father Connectedness and Child Outcomes. Parenting, 6(2), 189-209.

To Kill a Mockingbird Summary Essay Example For Students

To Kill a Mockingbird: Summary Essay The book To Kill a Mockingbird was written by Harper Lee. It waspublished in 1960 then it went on to win the Pulitzer prize in 1961 and waslater made into an Academy Award winning film. Harper Lee always considered her book to be a simple love story. Todayit is regarded as a masterpiece of American Literature. There are so many characters in this book that I cant name all of them. We will write a custom essay on To Kill a Mockingbird: Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Here are most of the characters. The Finch family contains of Atticus (The head of the household), AuntAlexandra (Atticuss sister), (Jem) Jeremy (The oldest of Atticuss twochildren), (Scout) Jean Louise (The youngest of the two . She also trys to be aboy by doing boy things). And you cant forget their black maid. Her name isCalpurnia. Miss Rachael is Dills aunt that lives in Maycomb. Dill is a friendswith Jem and Scout. According to Scout they are married. (Boo) Arthur Radley isthe person that takes Jem back to his house after Jem gets hurt by Bob Ewell. Tom Robinson is a black man that was accused of raping Mayella Ewell. Bob Ewellis Mayellas father. He is out for revenge on Atticus for what he did to him andhis daughter. Mayella is Bobs daughter who supposedly got raped by Tom Robinson. Judge Taylor is the Judge of Maycomb County. Heck Tate is the county lawofficial. I think the protagonist in the story is Atticus Finch because he has themain part and he has the biggest decision to make. The decision being whether todefend or not to defend Tom Robinson. To Kill a Mockingbird is set in Maycomb County, an imaginary district inSouthern Alabama. The time is the early 1930s, the years of the Great Depressionwhen poverty and unemployment were widespread in the United States. The story begins during the summer when Scout and Jem meet a newplaymate named Dill who has come from Mississippi to spend the summer with hisAunt Rachael. Dill is fascinated by the neighborhood gossip about Boo Radley. Egged on by Dill, Jem and Scout try to think up ways to lure him out of hishouse. Soon it is Summer again , and Dill returns for another visit. Thechildrens plans for making contact with Boo Radley grew bolder this year, andon Dills last night they decide to sneak up onto the Radley porch and spy onBoo. Jem goes first, but just as he reaches the window, Nathan Radley catchessite of them and scares them off with a blast from a shot gun. Jem realizes that Boo is not a monster after all, but has been playingalong with them. Scout does not figure this out until the winter, on the nightthat the house of their neighbor burns to the ground. While Scout is standingoutside in the cold, someone sneaks up behind her and places a blanket aroundher. Later, Scout and Jem realize that there was only one person in town who hasnot already at work fighting the fire and that was Boo. Now that Jem and Scout realize that Boo is basically a kind person,their interest in the Radley family begins to fade. In the meantime, they learnthat their father has become the defense lawyer for Tom Robinson, who is chargedwith raping Mayella Ewell. As the trial of Tom Robinson grows nearer, the children become moreaware of the strong feeling it has aroused in everyone in Maycomb. One day theirhousekeeper takes Jem and Scout to visit her church, and the children realizefor the first time that the black parishioners are supporting Tom Robinsonswife. .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 , .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 .postImageUrl , .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 , .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38:hover , .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38:visited , .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38:active { border:0!important; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38:active , .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38 .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u253262b64d12f8d07e326866b4e11d38:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How to be a father EssayTwo nights before the trial is to start, a group of men come to theFinch house to tell Atticus about threats against Tom Robinsons life. Atticusspends the next night camped out at the jail to defend Tom from the mob. Jem,Scout and Dill go downtown to check on Atticus and arrive at the same time as agroup of men, who have come to kill Tom. Scout recognizes one of the men in thegroup as Walter Cunningham. Her friendliness embarrasses the man so much that heand the mob leave. The next day, at the trial, Atticus questions make it clear thatMayella and her father are lying about the rape. Neverless the jury convict himbecause their prejudices prevent them from taking a black mans word against twowhites. Atticus is now a hero in the black community of Maycomb, but Bob Ewell,vows to get Atticus for showing him up as a liar in front of the whole town. Tom Robinson has give n up hope and trys to flee the prison, but whiledoing it he gets caught and shot. By the time Halloween comes around, the Finch family has begun to putToms death behind them. There is a pageant planned and Scout much to her dismayhas been cast as a ham. After the pageant Scout decides to walk home stilldressed in her bulky costume, with Jem leading the way. The cowardly Bob Ewell. seeing an opportunity to get revenge on Atticus through his children. He followsthe children down a dark street and tries to kill them. In the side. It is noneother than Boo Radley, who had seen the attack from his window. Boo stabs BobEwell to death, and carries the wounded Jem home. The sheriff decides to file a report that Bob fell on his own knife anddied, thus sparing Boo the publicity that would be sure to follow. Scout never sees Boo again after that night, but she has learned that hewas a good man all along. She has learned a lesson about understanding andtolerance. And through the sheriffs action she sees that sometimes there can bejustice and compassion in the world. The title of the book, To Kill a Mockingbird is a key to some themes inthe novel. The title is first explained in Chapter 10 at the time that Jem andScout have just received air rifles for Christmas. Atticus tells his childrenthat it is a sin to shoot a mockingbird. Later Miss Maudie explains that Atticusmeant that Mockingbirds are harmless creatures who do nothing but sing forenjoyment. It is easy to see that the mockingbird in this story is Tom Robinson aharmless man who becomes a victim of racial prejudice. Like the mockingbird, Tomhas never done wrong to anyone. Even the jurors who sentence him to death havenothing personal against him. They find him guilty mostly because they feel thatto take the word of a black man over two whites would threaten the system theylive under, the system of segregation. Tom himself is guilty of nothing butbeing in the wrong place at the wrong time. Category: English

Depression Is Serious Effect of Racism on Children

Depression Is Serious Effect of Racism on Children It’s often said that children don’t see race, but that’s far from true; they not only see race but also feel the effects of racism, which can manifest as depression. Even pre-schoolers notice racial differences between groups, and as children age, they tend to separate themselves into race-based cliques, making some students feel alienated. More problems arise when children use racial stereotypes to bully their classmates. Being ridiculed, ignored or slighted because of race has a detrimental effect on children. Studies show that encountering racial bigotry can lead children to suffer from depression and behavioral problems. Racism can even lead teens and young adults to drop out of school. Sadly, the racial discrimination children experience doesn’t exclusively involve their peers, as adults are perpetrators too. The good news is that children with strong support systems can overcome the challenges racial bigotry presents. Racism, Depression, and Black and Latino Youths A 2010 study of 277 children of color presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies meeting in Vancouver revealed a strong link between racial discrimination and depression. Roughly two-thirds of the study subjects were black or Latino, while another 19 percent were multiracial. Study lead Lee M. Pachter asked the youths if they’d been discriminated against in 23 different ways, including being racially profiled while shopping or called offensive names. Eighty-eight percent of the kids said they had indeed experienced racial discrimination. Pachter and his team of researchers also surveyed the children about their mental health. They found that racism and depression go hand in hand. â€Å"Not only do most minority children experience discrimination, but they experience it in multiple contexts: in schools, in the community, with adults and with peers,† Pachter said. â€Å"It’s kind of like the elephant in the corner of the room. It’s there, but nobody really talks about it. And it may have significant mental and physical health consequences in these children’s lives.† Overcoming Bigotry and Depression The results of a five-year study conducted by researchers in California, Iowa, and Georgia found that racism can lead to depression and behavioral problems. In 2006, the study of more than 700 black youth appeared in the publication of Child Development. The researchers determined that children who’d endured name-calling, race-based insults, and stereotyping were more likely to report trouble sleeping, mood swings, and difficulty concentrating, according to ABC News. Black boys victimized by racism were also more likely to get into fights or shoplift. The silver lining, however, is that children with supportive parents, friends, and teachers weathered the challenges of racism much better than their peers lacking such support networks. â€Å"The outlook was brighter, though, for children whose homes, friends, and schools protected them from discrimination’s negative influences,† said Gene Brody, the study’s lead researcher, in a press release. â€Å"Children, whose parents stayed involved in their lives, kept track of their whereabouts, treated them with warm affection, and communicated clearly with them, were less likely to develop problems due to their experiences with discrimination.† Racism as a Source of Depression in Young Adults Teenagers and young adults are not immune to the effects of racism. According to the University of California, Santa Cruz, college students who experience racism might feel like outsiders on campus or pressure to prove the stereotypes about their racial group wrong. They might also suspect that they’re being treated differently because of race and consider dropping out of school or transferring to another school to alleviate their symptoms of depression and anxiety. With one university after another making headlines in recent years when students organize parties with racially offensive themes, it’s likely that today’s students of color feel even more vulnerable on campus than their predecessors did. Hate crimes, racist graffiti, and small numbers of minority groups in the student body may make a young adult feel completely alienated in academia. UCSC asserts that it’s important for students of color to practice good self-care to prevent racism from sending them into a depression. â€Å"It may sometimes be hard to resist using unhealthy ways to cope, such as using drugs and alcohol excessively or isolating oneself from the broader community,† according to UCSC. â€Å"Taking good care of your physical, mental, and spiritual health will leave you better equipped to cope with the stress of bias, and make empowered choices for yourself.†

The Case Against Affirmative Action Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Case Against Affirmative Action - Term Paper Example However, according to many critics, such rules are not needed in today’s society and due to the rules certain issues are mandatory to be created. One such instance regarding the particular minority rules was seen in the Supreme Court some years ago. It involved the issue of admission in the University of Michigan. The regulations of that university were following the point system in which the possible applicants got rated. For a minority group, the points score got doubled to become a perfect SAT score (Fryer, 2005, p.147). As a result, three white students submitted a lawsuit on the basis of race discrimination. According to the regulators of university, we desired diversity and by applying affirmative action we can avail the real diversity. Affirmative action makes the discrimination opposite (Herring, 2012, p.630). The main reason for devising the rules under affirmative action is to prevent discrimination and biased action of the co workers, employees and students on the b asis of color but on the contrary to this, the rules produce the opposite results. White people who are in majority and work really hard to achieve the position have to follow strict regulations because they are majority. Opposite to many set stereotyping, most of the minorities lies under the middle or upper level of the society and white people having poor life style. Undoubtedly, as the set standards for the minorities has made the down trodden white majority students who believe in discipline and constant efforts will not preferred over the wealthy minority students, who lack the traits of hard work and efforts. The standard for accountability diminishes due to affirmative action, which is essential for the students and workers to give best performance. In case if a student belongs to a minority group gets admission in Harvard at 3.2 GPA then the aim of getting 4.0 GPA will not be there. Though, there are people that can motivate themselves to achieve better results however, the re are few that require a constant push from others to do so. If the standards of admission and employment will become lower, the level of accountability also gets lowered. It is important to consider harwork, achievement and discipline as the rewardful acts and a student lacking all these basic aspects should not be getting equal or preferential treatment over other students. Certain students that are preferred on such basis are most commonly ill-equipped to manage the conditions and regulations of university or school of admission. Consider the situation when a minor baseball player preferred to be the captain of a major team and when a science project participant is opted for a rocket science task in NASA. The possibility to get success in both cases is very minimum however; in both situations the individual will feel ill-educated for the needed effort. Similarly, in Harvard and Yale universities, the standard of GPA and SAT is much higher and cannot be achieved by everyone. But it is due to the affirmative action, minority individuals with less GPA and SAT score get the chance to become the part of it. The affirmative action will cause a color blind society. when an individual apply for a job for an admission in school, there is no reason to ask the skin color, height or eye color as the only parameter to judge

LETTER OF APPEAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LETTER OF APPEAL - Essay Example Respect Sir, I basically belong to the part of the world that is often characterized by the conventional professions and money making sources. These primarily include professions like business studies, engineering, medicine and other commonly tested and practiced professions. In such environments there is little margin for experimenting or going for professions that are little tested and little known. Before I put my case, I hereby state that I am not writing to question the system of immigration in the incumbent country nor do I plan to challenge it through the claims that I may make. I am here only to seek your professionally motivating and sympathetic consideration into the personal reasons which forced me into skipping classes and breaching the original terms of visa where it was conditioned to attending the classes and completing my degree as per initial undertaking. I will also attribute the reason for the overall debacle to the immaturity and hastiness from my end, believing that the dropping out will make my parents realize instead of considering the repercussions and the possible consequences and I hold myself directly responsible for it and do not blame the law, the institution or any other individual affiliated in the entire conundrum that is at hand. To start with the particularity of my case I render an unconditional apology for having violated the original conditions and thereby request a revisiting into the case with possible grant of a fresh visa or nullifying of the decision reached as a result of the acts committed in the light of skipping classes originally. Giving a history of my family, my sister is enrolled in the field of medicine study and she is going well with her goals and there are no records of her dropping out or any other event therefore I can indirectly assure through her practices and her presence ,that if I am given a chance to follow my desired goals, it will allow me delivering the goods as per expectations and conditions

Examine the Internet and social media use in a foreign country Essay

Examine the Internet and social media use in a foreign country (report) - Essay Example This shows that internet is a household service that is quite popular in United Arab Emirates. There are, however, some forms internet censorship and restrictions put by the UAE government. The government does not allow any person to use internet to gather people for demonstrations that are not authorized by the government and also defaming the ruler of UAE and state in general is not allowed (BBC, 1). Promotion of prostitution and pornography is also not allowed using the internet (BBC, 1). Gambling is also not allowed in UAE, like most other Muslim countries. All these restrictions of internet use come under internet censorship. Use of social media is also very popular in the country and many users are active on social media. The most popular social media by far is Facebook because more than half of internet users of the country are active on Facebook (Scaria, 1). This is why it can be safely argued that Facebook is highly preferred by internet user of UAE. Mainly the youth is more interested in using Facebook as it provides them with the opportunity to communicate with each other and make new friends. The use of internet in the country is quite common and, therefore, users have developed great trust in internet. Internet is used in UAE for online transactions by many people (MVF Global, 1). Also, there is great potential in the e-commerce industry in UAE as many people want to shop online for services and products (MVF Global, 1). This highlights the fact that internet users in UAE are developed and they do not use internet for general communication and entertainment purposes only. Online transactions happen in UAE showing that the country has sophisticated internet users. All in all, United Arab Emirates is an internet loving nation as majority of the residents of the country use internet regularly. Social media is also very popular and among social networking sites, Facebook is the most popular. There are, however, many

Investigation of whether Poverty Causes Crime

Investigation of whether Poverty Causes Crime In the current essay we will discuss the fact that poverty causes crime. Poverty is a characteristic of the economic situation of the individual or social group in which they cannot satisfy a certain range of the minimum requirements needed for life saving ability. Poverty is a relative concept and depends on the overall standard of living in the society. According to experts, not getting decent wages for their work, young people gradually lose the desire to marry and to have children they are full of fear for tomorrow, not sure that tomorrow they will not be fired because of another financial crisis. In addition, low wages and lack of jobs, experts say, are pushing young people to commit crimes in order to get rich quickly. It is, therefore, among criminals, increases the number of adolescents, aged 18 to 25 years. Poverty is a consequence of diverse and interrelated reasons, which combine into the following groups: economic (unemployment, low wages, low productivity, lack of competitiveness of the industry); socio-medical (disability, old age, high levels of morbidity); Demographic (parent families, a large number of dependents in the family); socio-economic (low level of social guarantees); educational qualifications (a low level of education, lack of training); political (military conflict, forced migration); regional-geographic (uneven development of regions). As well, current crisis makes people react and do something, even if it is illegal, they start committing a crime. Poverty causes many crimes, as if a person was not poor and had faith in himself, he would not face the thought that he should search another ways to get money. According to Crime Causes Poverty (2010), being poor, which could be caused by different reasons, makes a person unhappy, incapable to earn enough money, to buy anything he wants or at least something necessary. Poverty determines a certain stereotype in a persons thoughts, and he does not see any constructive solving of the problem, as he wants to choose the easiest way of getting money, even harming other people. According to Borade (2007), poverty has a huge psychological influence on people, who become depressed, desperate and then they decide to commit a crime, as they have not found anything that can legally get them out of such situation. Too many problems that a person faces in the modern society makes him get angrier on the whole situation and forces to look for the new ways of solving his problem. The desperate economical situation in the country and consequently the lack of the work places, especially for young people, creates the thoughts and actions of crime. No guarantees from the government and no proper help to people who are poor leads to the chaos and misunderstanding, where the only way out they find, is to commit a crime. Poverty as a social phenomenon in a historical sense is of lasting value. The extent and depth of immersion of the people in the country reflects two important aspects of society the level of development of productive forces and the corresponding character of their operation principle of social justice. Most often, poverty is treated as financial insecurity of people, when income of a person or family does not allow maintaining socially necessary consumption for life, interfering with normal living and personal development. According to Mac Donald 2010), poverty serves as guidelines for shaping social policy. This phenomenon is assessed by using indicators of absolute and relative poverty, its depth and severity, as well as by the subjective perception of their individual well-being and quality of life. To determine the effect of poverty on crime, there may be also another way: by studying the living conditions of the poor and convicted before they commit crimes. As a consequence of the fact that poverty causes crime, criminally distorted psychology of society, values and personality, as a direct cause of crime are expressed by more than just greed, aggression, irresponsibility and neglect of criminal law prohibitions, as stated by Charen (2007). It has several forms: greed, the cause component of the Organized Crime and Entrepreneurship, parasitism, irresponsibility, situational robbery, when crimes are committed to meet the immediate material needs, poverty is an incentive for the physical survival. At a gain now there is 80% of the totality of the causes of crime at this time. The main source of crime in any society is the aggravation of his social contradictions. It is also defined as meaningful and with the quantifiable features of the formation, which are within the specific time parameters. It is known, that the technologically advanced capitalist countries do not have the same level of crimes. As a fact, crimes begin from the childhood. As a rule, if a child was born in a poor family, there are more chances that he will start committing crimes. All over the world there is propaganda of a luxurious way of life, of successful people, of expensive mansions, cars, of beautiful journeys, etc. When children and adolescents see that and understand that parents will not provide them with all these things, they start looking for the opportunity to get money fast in order to buy at least something. And consequently, they decide to commit a crime. According to Barr (1992), the crimes committed by adolescents are considered the cruelest. The majority of cases of all crimes show that a driving force of the crimes is the money. The values of the society are built the way that those people with the problems in their minds decide to bring closer all these luxurious things. One of the main aspects that can prevent poverty is education. If children are educated properly, then they will perceive the reality as it is and they will try to succeed in legal ways by studying and then getting a job. Sometimes, crimes are the symptom of the culture, and education can cure the cultural poverty, and only then the financial poverty will be cured itself as a consequence. As a fact, not only poor people commit crimes, as there are also rich people who have no boundaries in their actions and also power and they also commit crimes to get more money and power, according to McGrath (2009). Considering the statistics, the total number of the seven index crimes is reported to police per 100,000 inhabitants in the United States. The research states that if to reduce poverty, crime will be reduced, although with the crisis that has begun in 2008, there have been registered less crimes, although there are more poor people because of the crisis. As an example of it, in the first decade of the XXI century crime in the United States has tended to decline. By the end of the decade, crime rates, according to many indicators, have fallen dramatically, despite the economic crisis of 2008-2010. In some cities such as New York, the crime rate has dropped to the record lows. With the onset of recession in the U.S., many media outlets have expressed fears that the crisis (for example, increased unemployment and reduced real incomes of people) will lead to a rapid increase in crime. FBI report shows that these fears have not yet been met. Published in the 2008, the study of the Heritage Foundation has shown that the relationship between economic perturbations and the crime exists, but it is not so clear. Thus, in the United States there is a nation-wide crime statistics since 1934. During all this time only for 16 years the crime rate has declined. The crime rate has steadily increased from 1955 to 1972, although this time the U.S. economy has experienced a rapid period of development, and then a recession occurred only in mid-1960. In turn, during the Great Depression statistics was only for the period from 1934 to 1938 criminals have shown less activity. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) issued a preliminary report on crime rates in the U.S. in 2009. This statistics is based on data provided by about 17 thousand law enforcement agencies of different jurisdictions. The main conclusions of the report, compared to 2008, is that the number of property crimes in the U.S. decreased by 6.1%, violent crimes by 4,4%. According to the report, this year the number of murders in the U.S. fell by 10%, robberies on 6,5%, rape by 3,3%. Among property crimes, the most significantly decreased the number of thefts of cars (by 18.7%), theft (by 5.3%) and burglary (2.5%). The greatest reductions in crime were noted in cities with populations exceeding one million. In addition to FBI statistics, the crime rate measures the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics by the Census Bureau (study called National Crime Victimization Survey). Since 1973, there have been annually polled 70-80 thousand of households (family or group of people living together and h aving a total budget), to identify about how many actually committed crimes Americans have not informed the police. The last time similar research was conducted in 2008. It has shown that the victims of the criminals Americans do not always turn to law enforcement agencies: becoming the victims of violent crimes, they shall notify the police in 51.2% of the property in 39.6% of cases. Another important indicator for gauging the level of crime in the U.S. is a traditional study conducted the service Gallup Rating the perception of crime. Every year Gallup asks Americans to estimate whether increased or decreased the number of crimes in their area and across the country. In the recent years, such survey was conducted in September 2009. Then 74% of Americans said that compared with last year the crime rate in the U.S. grew, and 15% reported that the situation has improved. The rise in crime in their area was 51%, decrease 29%. As a fact, 12% of respondents said that the situation with crime in their place of residence was very serious; the crime rate across the United States similarly estimated 55% of respondents. It is curious that in the last decade, both of these indicators remain fairly stable, fluctuating slightly. As a rule, those countries where there is no proper economic regulations, there are more chances that people will react negatively and commit more crimes, as the consequence of unhappy life and no perspective in such countries. Although there is no proof of the direct connection of the fact that poverty is the main motive to commit a crime, as there are many factors present in the minds of people who in different situations can act differently. According to Francis (2008), it is not quite explicable, that the fact that while there is a depression and economical crisis all over the world, people do not commit more crimes, as the statistics shows that people do not intend to commit more crimes. The consequences and the logic of this fact are not fully understandable. In the modern world everything changes so quickly that people get accustomed to the situation, they learn the rules of the game and probably they try to find a better way to earn money and succeed than to commit a crime. T here can be also hope that the more people get more education, the more they get the proper knowledge, the better they understand life and the rules to survive. The more people know, the better they understand the situations, the values, the perspective, the more ideas they have, the more creative they are and the more they feel capable to find a job and to succeed in life. In poor countries such as Brazil and the countries of the former Soviet Union, there are millions of poor people who do not have a way out because of the lack of any perspectives to find a job, as the level of corruption is extremely high. According to Langeneckert (2010), in such countries is especially visible the difference and the gap between the extremely rich and very poor people. There are almost no middle class people who have a job, a house and other benefits. According to Crime (2009), there are almost no chances to combat it, as poor and desperate people in these countries do not see any other opportunity except committing a crime. The obvious injustice and no social guarantees make people feel as losers, who see the luxurious life and who cannot touch it. As a fact, there is a lot of envy because of such a big gap and so much poverty. Each country has its problems and level of poverty, but there is one main point- the lack of money. According to Brill (1993), if people had money at least for the basic needs, there would be no such level of poverty. And as Aristotle said: Poverty is a source of disturbance and crime, which means that little problem becomes a huge problem if there is nothing useful done to prevent it. That is why the right policy of the country will be able to eliminate poverty and along with that there will be no crime in the future. What factors specifically lead to poverty in the countries? This is the high level of unemployment, a significant number of jobs that do not provide a living wage, as well as reducing the number of social service costs. It can be emphasized that poverty reduction should not be a charity event. It must go against strong social inequalities. The only way to do this is to foster a society of equal opportunities. If we deal only with short-term problems in order to achieve short term objectives rather than to focus on strategic issues of economic and social development, we may miss the last chance to make the country the basis for a viable, long-term development based on economic and social modernization. So, the agenda should include the following vital issues: Reducing inequality and providing our citizens with the opportunity to realize their constitutional rights; Restoration of a common economic space; Infrastructure development through the joint efforts of government and the private sector (roads, railways, ports, airports, bridges, power lines, electricity, etc.); The solution of demographic problems of the countries; The rise of living standards (including environmental problems); Eliminating unevenness in the level of regional development; Harmonization of interethnic relations in the country and the creation of normal living conditions for the communities; National security and territorial integrity; The safety of citizens; As a fact, it is easier to prevent poverty than to deal with its consequences. The fact that people commit crimes when they are poor does not justify them. But the government has to take measures to prevent the poverty, there should be created more opportunities for people to work, as keeping people busy can prevent crimes and even the thoughts of it. Proper economical policy, positive changes in the social sphere, economical issues and employment can guarantee the higher level of education and understanding the principles, which will help to avoid the crime in the future. There should be also organized the certain campaigns aimed at the reduction of poverty, as it in some cases causes crime. Anyway, if the importance of money was not so crucial these days, probably, the majority of people would not commit crimes. As it is very difficult to be different from everyone in the society that values the materialistic ideas, the goods and products, it becomes a real challenge not to have goals to buy the things or to own something. It happens because the society judges those who are different, who have different vision, goals, principles and ideas. That is why people are almost forced to do everything the right way to be as everyone else is, to work and to succeed. And if there are no possibilities for that in the country, people start looking for other wrong ways to reach it anyway. They start looking for the easiest, quickest and lowest ways to reach their goal, and that is why robberies, different violent crimes and thefts occur. Some people, after committing them, feel innocent, as they think that if the government did not give certain things and possibilities to them, then they have the right to take things or money from the richer people. Deceiving themselves, people live in their own world that is so narrow, that allows them to commit a crime and to presume that no one will ever know. As a fact, it is sad that a reality is that money takes a very important place in peoples lives. Everything people do to earn money sometimes in not enough, that is why arise different problems which lead to the thoughts to commit a crime as that last opportunity. Everyone wants to live worthily and this desire determines unexpected behavior. Often people want to prove something to their friends, family, loved ones, but they do not manage to achieve it in a legal way, choosing instead the lowest possible way to commit a crime, thinking that from that moment on everything would change for the better. It is obvious that money rules the world, which is why almost every crime is based on the desire to get more money at any cost. Those who commit crime do not usually think about consequences and they pay for everything they have done later. Sometimes people just lack the patience and they want to have everything too soon without any considerable long time efforts. Consequently, this practice does not work and people are forced to pay for everything they have done. According to McIlheran (2010), psychological help and support in difficult situations can help and benefit people to overcome difficulties, challenging times and other problems. Being open to discussions, to new ideas, to new opportunities and options, people can stop thinking about committing a crime because they are poor. The capacity to believe in yourself, in the future possibilities and in the brighter future lacks in the minds of the people. It is surprising that people commit crimes, as it is obvious that sooner or l ater they will pay for what they have done and it is important to take control of the life. According to Short (1997), the mistake is that people sometimes consider themselves cleverer than the others are, and think they are capable of changing their life easily by harming someone else. This method, fortunately, does not work. Being realistic and optimistic at the same time can save situation and turn life to the better. All in all, only the right policies of the countries can solve this problem and make people understand and see other right ways to earn money and to get out of poverty. People are instruments in the hands of the government and they play by its rules. If there will be more opportunities and proper social conditions for people to live and work, the crimes that are caused by poverty will not take place anymore. A lot depends on the country that people live in, and on the fact how they see their future, which possibilities and advantages they can find and want to implement in their lives. Anyway, everything depends on a choice a person makes, wherever he lives and whatever he has.

Johnny Got his Gun :: Essays Papers

Johnny Got his Gun When I first started reading Johnny Got His Gun, by Dalton Trumbo, I thought it would be more direct in its description of World War I. However, the entire novel takes place in one American soldier’s hospital bed. His name is Joe. He no arms, legs, or face, and he is deaf. Rendered this way after an explosive shell hit him, he has no way to communicate with the world. Joe dreams throughout the novel, mostly about his memories, and because of this, a great deal of the book is disjointed and contains a dreamlike quality. Through his dreams, I learned about Joe’s life before the war. I learned he lost his father fairly young, and about his boyhood romances. Joe worked at the railroad, and at a bakery. Before he left for the war, he had a girlfriend named Kareen who I believe he wanted to marry. When Joe is awake, he at first is unaware of his injuries. He realizes he is deaf, but he goes through several stages of denial and acceptance for his physical features. He thinks his face is only swathed in bandages, not gone. He thinks the doctors are injecting drugs into the heel of his hand, not the stub that was his arm. Only when Joe realizes he’s missing his arms and legs and face, does he realize the full extent of his situation. Joe doesn’t even know where he is, though he speculates that he could be in England, France, or possibly America. Joe knows that if his arms and legs didn’t make it through the shell blast that nearly killed him, his dog tags certainly didn’t. He knows he’ll never see his sister or mother, or Kareen, his girlfriend, again. He’ll never even know where he is. Joe learns to tell time by how often the nurses come. He first figures out when dawn is by the warming of the sun’s rays on his skin. He then keeps count of how often the day and night nurses come between two dawns. When Joe finally gets it right (it takes several tries) he feels as though he’s regained some sort of connection with the rest of the world. After five years, Joe is given a medal of honor for his efforts and losses in the war.

March 5 Handout: World War 1 and Its Shadow Handout

March 5 handout: World War I and its shadow I. World War I a. What were the immediate causes of the war? And the long term ones? b. What expectations did people have about the war? c. What was the Schlieffen Plan? d. What was trench warfare like? e. What new technologies developed in the war? f. How did participants and sides change over the course of the war? g. What made this war a world war? h. What is total war? i. What is the home front? j. How did nations target civilians in the war effort? k. How did women take part in the war effort? l.What is propaganda and what was it used for? m. What attitudes do the posters reveal? II. Versailles and Mandates a. What was the Armistice? b. What was the Treaty of Versailles? c. What steps did nations take to prevent future war? d. What did self-determination mean in practice? e. Did self-determination apply outside of Europe? f. What was the mandate system? g. How did the treaties ending the war change European empires? III. Social changes a. What types of permanent physical trauma did the war cause? b. What types of psychological trauma did the war cause? . How did the role of the state change to address the long-term effects of the war? d. How did gender roles change from the war? e. How did the way people viewed war change? f. How did the attitudes towards war differ between â€Å"In Flanders Fields† and â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est? † Terms Gavrilo Princip Schlieffen Plan Trench warfare Over the top Mustard gas Total war Home front Conscription Rationing Propaganda Armistice Treaty of Versailles Fourteen Points Self-determination Mandate system League of Nations Influenza pandemic Lost generation Wilfred Owen

Assignment †OUMH1203 English for Written Communication- SEP 13 Essay

ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION AND ASSESSMENT ______________________________________________________________________________ OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SEPTEMBER 2013 ______________________________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS 1.This assignment contains TWO (2) questions that is set in the language of the printed module for the course. 2. Your assignment should be typed using 12 point Times New Roman font and 1.5 line spacing. 3.Your assignment should be between 500 to 800 words excluding references. The number of words should be shown at the end of your assignment. Do not copy the assignment question and instructions to your answer. 4. You must submit your assignment BY MAIL to fes.assignments@villacollege.edu.mv by 18:00 hrs. You are advised to keep a copy of your submitted assignment for personal reference. 5.You can submit your assignment ONCE only in a SINGLE file. 6. Your first assignment must be submitted on 27th October and the second assignment on 10th November. Submission after 1800 hrs on this date will be accepted as LATE SUBMISSION. 10% of your assignment marks will be deducted for each delayed day. 7. You should not copy another person’s assignment. You should also not plagiarise another person’s work as your own. EVALUATION This assignment accounts for 50 % of the marks for the course mentioned and shall be assessed based on the Rubrics or Answer Scheme. You would be informed of the assignment mark before the Final Semester Examination commences. PLAGIARISM : MARKS DEDUCTION Warning: The submitted assignment will undergo a similarity check. If plagiarism is detected, marks would be deducted as follows: Assignments with 10 – 30 % overlap with others: 20% deduction from the total marks scored. Assignments with more than 30% overlap with others: Zero mark would be given. ASSIGNMENT QUESTION This assignment consists of TWO parts. PART A: IN CLASS ASSESSMENT_ (INDIVIDUAL TASK-30%) From the list of topics below you need to choose any THREE topics and this must be done in class during your tutorial sessions. Each of these essays carries 10% of the total marks. Each essay should be approximately 500-800 words long. a) In many countries, old people are sent to live in old-age homes where there are nurses to look after them. Sometimes governments pay for this care. Who should be responsible for our old people? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice. b) The Expectancy Theory of Motivation by Victor H. Vroom suggests that an individual’s perceived view of an outcome will determine the level of motivation. How can this theory be applied in the Maldivian classrooms to improve the performance of secondary students? c) Though not out of choice, the current situation requires students to join evening classes to complete their tertiary education at colleges and universities. What are the advantages and disadvantages of attending classes in the evening? d) Co-education is the current system followed in Maldivian schools. While some think students study better in single-sex schools, others believe they need to be mixed for various reasons. In your opinion, what is the best system for the Maldivian schools? Justify your opinion with specific reasons and details. PART B: GROUP TASK (20%) You need to complete these TWO tasks in groups of 3 or 4. Work in groups of three or four people. Choose TWO of the topics given below. Write a research essay on each of your chosen topic. Your research essay carries 10% of the total marks each. Each essay must be between 500 to 800 words long. . a) International research has found numerous benefits which apprenticeship brings for those apprentices who complete their programme. How important is a national level apprenticeship programme for the Maldivians? Write a report on this including recommendations to improve the current situation. b) The customs and traditions of a country help to maintain its uniqueness. It is believed that many customs and traditions of the Maldivians are dying out due to globalisation. Write a report based on the impact of globalisation on the Maldivian customs and traditions. c) The number of motor vehicles imported to the Maldives is increasing at an alarming rate. Write a report based on the potential transportation problems  of Male’ in 15 years’ time, and provide suggestions to overcome them. d) Many believe heavy exposure to TV carnage during childhood leads to imitation of what they see on TV, acceptance of violence as normal, desensitization to real people’s suffering and arousal by images on television, triggering violent responses. Write a report on how critical this issue is in the Maldives? Include recommendations to overcome this problem in the future. Thank you and Good luck! ____________________________________________________________________________ END OF PAGE

10 Facts for an Article Review on Social Science and Crime Prevention

10 Facts for an Article Review on Social Science and Crime Prevention The increased crime rate in the western world has been a source of concern to governments, criminologists and socially aware citizens for decades. Using the United States as an example, the number of felonies and non-violent crimes has continued to spiral out of control and this has led to high incarceration numbers in the US. The process of rehabilitation using jail time has also been ineffective as a high number of individuals who have served time in prison end up being re-incarcerated for one violation or the other while on parole. Therefore, these failures have led to society looking for alternatives to first prevent crime before the issue of rehabilitation comes up. Social science has played a huge role in studying crime, incarcerations and its effects in order to develop prevention tactics that will prove useful in reducing incarceration rates in the long run. This article will provide some facts on social science and crime prevention which you can use for literature reviews if writing on the topic of today. Note that this is the first part of a series of articles covering the subject matter of crime prevention. Therefore, you should read up on the 20 social science essay topics on crime prevention if looking for essay ideas to write on. 10 facts on social science and crime prevention: Stable family structure reduces delinquency. A Pittsburgh study on teenage delinquency showed that lack of a stable family structure was more likely to create conditions that lead to delinquent behavior than peer pressure or hanging out with delinquent peers. The study which covered children from the ages of 7 to 25 years, concluded that poor parental supervision and low parental involvement in a child’s development were important factors to be curtailed in order to prevent child delinquency and crime. Risk focused prevention techniques are more successful than incarceration. The prevention of crime takes the participation of an entire society to be successful. Therefore, identifying the key risk factors that encourages offending and implementing prevention methods to counter these factors are the best techniques to prevent crime. This means noting issues that lead to impulsiveness and criminal behavior such as drug use, alcohol abuse, failures etc. and reducing each risk factor is a better crime prevention technique than incarceration. Parent education programs reduce abuse and crime rates. Parent education programs targeted at first time parent, poor and uneducated parents and single parents has had direct impact in reducing developmental problems in infancy. A study of the Nurse-Family Partnership program in New York which provided postnatal home visits to at risk mothers, showed that postnatal visits drastically reduced child physical abuse and neglect during a child’s developmental years. The study recorded approximately 4% of physical child abuse among mothers in the postnatal program against 19% of cases among women who weren’t a part of any postnatal program. Education plays an important role in crime prevention. The importance of educating children at a young age cannot be understated if preventing future crimes is to be reduced or eliminated. A sample study conducted by the Perry Project in 1980 had chosen 123 children born by at risk parents and provided the kids with preschool education and scheduled bi-weekly visits. The corresponding follow-ups in 1995 and 2005 showed that students in the sample group recorded high literacy rates, graduated high school and a high percentage then received college degrees and were employed when compared to others not in the group. Initiating civil laws prevents crime. Civil laws are guidelines relating to non-criminal activities. These laws focus on day to day human interaction, property management and society. A study conducted in Oakland, California showed that the integration of civil activities such as inspection of drug nuisance properties, use of no trespassing signs and initiating court proceedings against erring landlords. These laws drastically reduce the sale of drugs and other criminal activities in the sample area and were more successful than field interrogations, surveillance and arrests. Improved street lighting deters criminal activities. A social science experiment conducted on the level of crimes committed in lighted and dark areas showed that the dark enables crime. The 2009 study which was conducted on 13 streets at Stoke-on-Trent UK, showed that improved lighting reduced crime in notorious communities by approximately 21%. A cost-benefit analysis also went on to note that the financial savings and security from the reduced crime status far exceeded the amount spent to light up the area. Neighbourhood watches and civil groups prevent crimes. This local citizen surveillance practice is common to communities in the United States and studies have shown that they are highly effective. These studies show that the setting up of watches, vetting new tenant and creating an inclusive society for residents have drastically reduced crime rate by 16% when compared to previous crime statistics without a neighbourhood watch. Understanding and managing mental health problems prevent crimes. The understanding of roles mental health plays in human impulsiveness, empathy levels and ability to function in society is important to crime prevention. A social study in the United Kingdom which tracked the effectiveness of the Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMHS) group showed that tackling child neglect, abuse and mental health issues drastically reduces the possibility of an adolescent pursuing a life of crime. Tackling unemployment is an effective crime prevention tool. Statistics show that the level of unemployment and underemployment in a society is directly proportional to the level of crime going on it. Therefore, an increased GDP, employment opportunities and a reduced poverty rate drastically prevents crime. Data from the Bureau of Labour Statistics and the Federal Bureau of Investigation have shown that the more viable options individuals have the less likely they are to be involved in criminal activities. Intervention programs are more effective in preventing crime than incarceration. Intervention programs consist of using education, employment and healthcare to combat criminal activities in adolescent and adults. A study in 2009, which made use of intervention techniques, showed that they are far more effective and less financially costly than the use of incarceration as a deterrent. The success of this study led to the abandonment of plans to build new prison by the Washington state legislature in favor of funding intervention programs. Here we come to the end of the 10 interesting facts we have on social science and crime prevention. A follow-up to help you write accurate article reviews on crime prevention will also be provided for further reading. These articles will provide topics you can choose from and directions on how to write a perfect article review on social science and crime prevention. References: Grant, B. (2009). Social crime prevention in the developing world. Fennelly, J. (2004). Handbook of loss prevention and crime prevention 100,210. Sloboda, Z. (2010). Defining prevention science 23-34. Von Hirsch, A. (2000). Ethical and social perspectives on situational crime prevention. Wilson, J. Howell, C. (1993). A Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Welsh, C., Christopher, J., David, L. (2010). When Early Crime Prevention goes to Scale: A New Look at the Evidence. Prevention Science, 11, 115-125. Sherman, L. (1998). Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn’t, What’s Promising. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/171676.PDF

Oedipus the King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oedipus the King - Essay Example Aristotle requirement in poetics supports the character of Oedipus as a humartia because all his traits depicts the character of Oedipus as a whole and no one trait supersedes the others. However, Oedipus will become a social misfit in the society after they discover his actions. It is morally wrong for him to kill an old man even if he was not motivated by taking his wife. Oedipus is not guilty by today’s legal standards. Sophocles arranged the play in a manner that the events of the play happened long ago before the play. For instance, Oedipus is guilty of incest and killing before the play actually opened. Although Oedipus received a curse form his father many years ago, we cannot link his behaviour with the curse in the play. Additionally, play main events are not part of the prophesy itself. That is most of the actions on stage do not form part of prophesy. According to Jones, Oedipus fault does not bear any relations to the actions from which guilt and sufferings flow an d thus cannot be punished (Carel 102). In the US a mere guess or suspicion does not amount to enough prove to convict somebody. However, reasonable to believe, reasonable suspicion, probable cause for arrest, some credible evidence or substantial evidence will lead to further investigation of a party to prove if guilty or not. The fact that one of the men in the chariot saw Oedipus killing Laius is enough evidence today to have him investigated and bring the crime to book (â€Å"United Nations Cyber School† web) In conclusion, the tale sheds more light on oracles and predestination. Many believe that something that is predestined to happen will, no matter how far we run from it. Oedipus parents run from the oracle, Oedipus too run from the... Oedipus is not guilty by today’s legal standards. Sophocles arranged the play in a manner that the events of the play happened long ago before the play. For instance, Oedipus is guilty of incest and killing before the play actually opened. Although Oedipus received a cursed from his father many years ago, we cannot link his behavior with the curse in the play. Additionally, play main events are not part of the prophecy itself. That is most of the actions on stage do not form part of a prophecy. According to Jones, Oedipus fault does not bear any relations to the actions from which guilt and sufferings flow and thus cannot be punished (Carel 102). In the US a mere guess or suspicion does not amount to enough proof to convict somebody. However, reasonable to believe, reasonable suspicion, probable cause for arrest, some credible evidence or substantial evidence will lead to further investigation of a party to prove if guilty or not. The fact that one of the men in the chariot sa w Oedipus killing Laius is enough evidence today to have him investigated and bring the crime to book (â€Å"United Nations Cyber School† web)In conclusion, the tale sheds more light on oracles and predestination. Many believe that something that is predestined to happen will, no matter how far we run from it. Oedipus parents run from the oracle, Oedipus too run from the Oracle but were later to catch up on all of them. Additionally, pre destination frees people from worry now that people understand that it is not possible to run from it.

Family study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family study - Assignment Example its, with the Indians and Mexican Americans (Hispanics) being categorized as closely-knight families emanates from their traditional socio-political and economic conditions. The Africans had to live together as large family units, to be able to fend for themselves, since the status of slaves did not offer opportunities for venturing into prime economic generation ventures (Newman, 2007). The Mexican and the Indian Americans had to form tightly-knight together families, due to the need to establish identity either as acquired/immigrant group or as the invaded group, respectively. This traditional social construct of minority families define the structure of these families to present day. Focusing on race and ethnicity in defining the structure of minority families is woefully misleading, since there is no set of shared physical characteristics that tie people together (Newman, 2007). The attempt to understand families should be based on the similarities that exist across ethno-racial and religious groups, since focusing on differences results in emphasizing the boundaries distinguishing the members from non-members (Newman, 2007). Additionally, focusing on the differences results in the analysis of belonging to a certain group is something to be proud or ashamed of, instead of focusing on the cultural uniqueness of the different groups (Newman, 2007). This results in a negative social construction. Assimilation should therefore be the aspired mode of defining the future American society. Nevertheless, ever reaching a point of where racial and ethnic categorizations are irrelevant does not seem a possibility. Growing in an interracial or interfaith family has the advantage of helping to break the racial stereotypes held by different races against one another. However, the major disadvantage associated with growing up in an interracial or interfaith family is the difficulty of building a self-identity (Newman, 2007). This is owing to the fact that self-identities